Экологический мониторинг

[Admin]

41.Chengyun Zhu, Xingqiao Liu, Hailei Chen, Xiang Tian. Automatic cruise system for water quality monitoring // International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. -2018. Vol. 11 No.4. P.244 – 250.

Abstract: The range of unit fixed-point measurement on water quality monitoring system is limited, and the cost for multipoint measurement is high. In order to solve these problems, the automatic cruise system for water quality monitoring was designed. Sage-Husa adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm was adopted to correct the error in GPS positioning. The boat was equipped with ship control module, water quality parameters acquisition module, power-supply module, GPS module and GPRS-DTU packet data transmission module. An Android application was developed so that individual users can use smartphone to communicate with the boat at all time and places. The results show that the boat can basically cruise in the set route to monitor the water quality. In a 4 m2 aquatic plants areas, the dissolved oxygen monitored in different time were about 10.2%, 8.5% and 8.3%, respectively, higher than other areas, and the pH values were 4.1%, 3.8% and 3.7% higher than those in other waters, which shown that plants photosynthesis released oxygen consumption of carbon dioxide will affect the dissolved oxygen content and pH value. This system can widen the measurement range, and lower the measuring cost that can be widely used in the water quality monitoring in aquaculture and river management.

Main Figures:

References

[1] Rathi S, Gupta R A simple sensor placement approach for regular
monitoring and contamination detection in water distribution networks.
Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering 2016; 20: 597–608. doi: 10.1007/
s12205-015-0024-x
[2] Huang X, Yi J, Chen S, Zhu X. A wireless sensor network-based
approach with decision support for monitoring lake water quality.
Sensors, 2015; 15: 29273-29296. doi: 10.3390/s151129273
[3] Keum J, Kaluarachchi J J. Development of a decision-making
methodology to design a water quality monitoring network.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2015, 187. doi:
10.1007/s10661-015-4687-z
[4] Skadsen J, Janke R, Grayman W, Samuels W, Tenbroek M, Steglitz B, et al.
Distribution system on-line monitoring for detecting contamination and
water quality changes. Journal / American Water Works Association,
2008; 100: 81–94.
[5] Eliades D G, Polycarpou M M. In multi-objective optimization of water
quality sensor placement in drinking water distribution networks, 2007 9th
European Control Conference, ECC 2007, July 2, 2007 - July 5, 2007, Kos,
Greece, 2015; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.: Kos,
Greece, pp.1626–1633.
[6] Simbeye D S, Yang S F. Water quality monitoring and control for
aquaculture based on wireless sensor networks. Journal of Networks,
2014; 9: 840–849. doi: 10.4304/jnw.9.4.840-849
[7] Gustilo R C, Dadios E P. Machine vision support system for
monitoringwater quality in a small scale tiger prawn aquaculture. Journal
of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, 2016;
20: 111–116.
[8] Bergquist D C, Heuberger D, Sturmer L N, Baker S M. Continuous water
quality monitoring for the hard clam industry in florida, USA.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2009; 148: 409–419. doi:
10.1007/s10661-008-0171-3
[9] Luo H, Li G, Peng W, Song J, Bai Q. Real-time remote monitoring
system for aquaculture water quality. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(6):
136–143. doi: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150806.1486
[10] Dong J, Wang G, Yan H, Xu J, Zhang X. A survey of smart water quality
monitoring system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research
International, 2015; 22: 4893–4906. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-4026-x
[11] Chung W-Y, Yoo J-H. Remote water quality monitoring in wide area.
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2015; 217: 51–57. doi:
10.1016/j.snb.2015.01.072
[12] Sicard C, Glen C, Aubie B, Wallace D, Jahanshahi-Anbuhi S, Pennings K,
et al. Tools for water quality monitoring and mapping using paper-based
sensors and cell phones. Water Research, 2015; 70: 360–369. doi:
10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.005
[13] Sun J, Xu X S, Liu Y T, Zhang T, Li Y. Fog random drift signal denoising
based on the improved ar model and modified sage-husa adaptive kalman
filter. Sensors, 2016; 16: 1073. doi: 10.3390/s16071073
[14] Gao, X.D.; You, D.Y.; Katayama, S. Seam tracking monitoring based on
adaptive kalman filter embedded elman neural network during high-power
fiber laser welding. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2012;
59: 4315–4325. doi: 10.1109/tie.2012.2193854
[15] Xia B Z, Wang H Q, Wang M W, Sun W, Xu Z H, Lai Y Z. A newmethod for state of charge estimation of lithium-ion battery based on
strong tracking cubature kalman filter. Energies, 2015; 8: 13458–13472.
doi: 10.3390/en81212378
[16] Huang W, Xie H S, Shen C, Li J P. A robust strong tracking cubature
kalman filter for spacecraft attitude estimation with quaternion constraint.
Acta Astronautica, 2016; 121: 153–163. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.
2016.01.009
[17] Hu G G, Gao S S, Zhong Y M, Gao B B, Subic A. Modified strong
tracking unscented kalman filter for nonlinear state estimation with process
model uncertainty. International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal
Processing, 2015; 29: 1561–1577. doi: 10.1002/acs.2572
[18] Motwani A, Liu W W, Sharma S, Sutton R, Bucknall R. An interval
kalman filter-based fuzzy multi-sensor fusion approach for fault-tolerant
heading estimation of an autonomous surface vehicle. Proceedings of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part M-Journal of Engineering for the
Maritime Environment, 2016; 230: 491–507. doi: 10.1177/
1475090215596180
[19] Xu H T, Soares C G. Vector field path following for surface marine
vessel and parameter identification based on ls-svm. Ocean Engineering,
2016; 113: 151–161. doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.12.037
[20] Xiao H, Wang C, Han Y, Pan W, Zhou F, Yang Y, Li J. In Design of ship
straight-line tracking controller based on auto disturbance rejection control
technique. 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation,
WCICA 2010, Jinan, China. July 7-9, 2010; pp 2559–2564.
[21] Jin X. Fault tolerant finite-time leader follower formation control for
autonomous surface vessels with los range and angle constraints.
Automatica, 2016; 68: 228–236. doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2016.01.064
[22] Zuo L, Yan W S, Cui R X, Gao J. A coverage algorithm for multiple
autonomous surface vehicles in flowing environments. International
Journal of Control Automation and Systems, 2016; 14: 540–548. doi:
10.1007/s12555-014-0454-0
[23] Shojaei K. Observer-based neural adaptive formation control of
autonomous surface vessels with limited torque. Robotics and
Autonomous Systems, 2016;78: 83–96. doi:10.1016/j.robot.2016.01.005
[24] Han Y, Xiao H, Wang C, Zhou F. In design and simulation of ship course
controller based on auto disturbance rejection control technique, 2009
IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics, ICAL 2009,
Shenyang, China, August 5-7, 2009; pp 686–691.
[25] Chen W, Zhou F, Li Y, Song R. In the ship nonlinear course system
control based on auto disturbance rejection controller. 7th World
Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, WCICA'08, Chongqing,
China, June 25-27, 2008; pp 6454–6458.
[26] Stradolini F, Riario S, Boero C, Baj-Rossi C, Taurino I, Surrel G, et al.
Wireless monitoring of endogenous and exogenous biomolecules on an
android interface. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2016; 16: 3163–3170. doi:
10.1109/jsen.2016.2524631
[27] Kim K-W. An efficient implementation of key frame extraction and
sharing in android for wireless video sensor network. KSII Transactions
on Internet and Information Systems, 2015; 9: 3357–3376. doi:
10.3837/tiis.2015.09.005

[Admin]

42. Lambebo A., Haghani S. A Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases // ASEE 2014 Zone I Conference, April 3-5, 2014, University of Bridgeport, Bridgpeort, CT, USA.

Abstract: The rapid development and miniaturization of sensor devices, and the recent advances in wireless communication and networking technologies, are allowing scientists and engineers to develop networks of small sensors that can be used to continuously monitor the health and stability of the environment we live in. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a number of spatially distributed sensors with computing, processing and communication capabilities that can continuously sense and transmit data to a base station, where data can be processed and observed in real time. This project provides a detailed study and implementation of a WSN for real time and continuous environmental monitoring of greenhouse gases. A tree-topology WSN consisting of two sensor nodes and a base station was successfully built and tested using open source and inexpensive hardware to measure the concentration level of several greenhouse gases. The sensor nodes consisted of carbon monoxide sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a methane sensor, a temperature sensor, a GPS module and a ZigBee wireless transmitter packaged together. The GPS module was added to give information about the location of the sensors. The base stations consisted of an Arduino Uno micro-controller and a ZigBee receiver that can collect data from the various sensors and submit to a sink base station where data can be stored and processed. A website was developed where the captured data can be continuously monitored and displayed in real time.

Main Figures:

References

[1] J. Yang and X. Li, “Design and implementation of low-power wireless
sensor networks for environmental monitoring”, Proc. of IEEE
International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and
Information Security, Beijing, China, June 2010, pp. 593-597.
[2] N. Giannopoulos, C. Giannopoulos, A. Kameas “Design Guidelines for
Building a Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring”
Proc. of 2009 Panhellenic Conference on Informatics, Corfu Greek,
September 2009, pp. 148-152.
[3] F. Cuomo S. Della Luna, U. Monaco, U, and T. Melodia “Routing in
ZigBee: Benefits from Exploiting the IEEE 802.15.4 Association Tree”,
Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications, Glasgow,
Scotland, June 2007, pp. 3271-3276.
[4] K. Lu, Y. Qian, D. Rodriguez, W. Rivera, and M. Rodriguez “Wireless
Sensor Networks for Environmental Monitoring Applications: A Design
Framework”, in Proc. IEEE Global Communications Conference,
Washington, DC, November 2007, pp. 1108-1112.
[5] B. Pekoslawski, et. al. "Autonomous wireless sensor network for
greenhouse environmental conditions monitoring", Proc. of the 20th
International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and
Systems, Gydnia, Poland, June 2013, pp. 503-507.
[6] Guillermo Barrenetxea, Franc¸ois Ingelrest, Gunnar Schaefer, and
Martin Vetterli. “Wirless Sensor Network for Environmantal Monitoring
: The SesnsorScope Experience”, Proc. of 2008 International Zurich
Seminar on Communications, Zurich, Switzerland, March 2009, pp. 98-
101.
[7] I. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, “Wireless
sensor networks: A survey,” Computer Networks, vol. 38, pp. 393–422,
2002.
[8] ZigBee Specification, ZigBee Alliance Std. 2005 [online]. Available at :
http://www.zigbee.com
[9] Mittal. Ruchi and Bhatia. M.P.S “Wireless Sensor Networks for
Monitoring the Environmental Activities” Computational Intelligence
and Computing Research (ICCIC), IEEE International Conference,
Coimbatore, India, December 2010, pp.1-5.
[10] Jelicic. Vana, Razov Tomislav. Oletic, Kur. Marijan, and Bilas Vedran
“MasliNET: A Wrielsess Sensor Network based Environmental
Monitoring System” MIPRO, Proceedings of the 34th International
Convention, Opatija, Croatia, May 2011, pp. 150-155.

[Admin]

43. JunYi Liu. Zigbee based intelligent environmental monitoring system designed coop // International Journal of Computer, Consumer and Control (IJ3C). - 2013. Vol. 2, No.4.

Abstract:In view of the present poultry farming intensity big, disease happens, such as environmental pollution, design the intelligent henhouse environment monitoring system based on zigbee. A detection unit of the system is the main processor cc2430, which coop the sensor detects temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity. By zigbee wireless communication module to send data to the controller based on the STM32F103ZET6 PC. After passing the judgment, the host computer to control the corresponding devices, to automatically or manually controlled sheds the environment.

Main Figures:

References

[1] Liang Ma, Tengguanghui Teng，Zhizhong Li. Embedded web server in laying hens monitoring system, the application of the network environment.Journal of China Agricultural University.pp.88-92,2006.
[2] Liang Zhang，Shuzhen Li. The henhouse environment monitoring system based on single chip microcomputer hardware design. Journal of hebei normal university of science and technology. pp.1-4,2011.
[3] Weibo Zhong，Tingting Wang. Zewu Zhang Based on ZigBe. WithWiFi environment intelligent sensor system is developed. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research.pp.186-189,2012.
[4] Xi Cong，Xiaoli Hu, Hongyin Yuan Corral environment monitoring system research status at home and abroadAgriculture& Technology. pp.106-107, 2012.
[5] Wei zhao，Yongbin Wei. Indoor environment monitoring system based on the technology of ZigBee design of intelligent building and city information. pp.62-65, 2013.
[6] Dae-Man Han, Jae-Hyun Lim. Design and implementation of smart home energy management systems based on zigbee. Consumer Electronics.pp.1417-1425, 2010.

[Admin]

44. Jadhav G., Jadhav K., Nadlamani K. Environment Monitoring System using Raspberry-Pi // International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). – 2016. V.3. P.1168-1172.

Abstract: The development in embedded system has proved to a reliable solution in monitoring and controlling the environment monitoring system. The project aims at building a system which can be used on universally at any scale to monitor the parameters in a given environment. With the evolution of miniaturized sensor devices coupled with wireless technologies it is possible to remotely monitor the parameters such as temperature, humidity, amount ofco2 in air and many more .We will be using raspberry-pi as our main board and sensors will collect all the real time data from environment and this real time data will be fetched by the web server and display it. User can access this data from anywhere through Internet. Due to unnatural and unpredictable weather farmers now a day face large financial losses due to wrong prediction of weather and incorrect irrigation methods and the amount of pesticides and insecticides used for crops. This system will prove to bean important part in development in agricultural field.

Main Figures:

References

[1] An Augmented Reality 3D Ping-Pong Game System on Android Mobile Platform ;XinGao, Jie Tian, Xiaoyuan Liang, Guiling Wang,2014.
[2] A preliminary System framework for SilGam Book;Junhun Lee,Yeongmi Kim;Ryu,2009.
[3] L. Javier and J. Y. Zhou, Wireless Sensor Network Security, vol. 1, IOS Press, 2008.
[4] Arduino.cc. (2014). Arduino Arduino BoardMega2560. [Online]. Available: http://arduino.cc/en/M6. R. Mittal and M. P. S. Bhatia, Wireless sensor networks for monitoring the environmental activities, in Proc. 2010 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, 2010, pp. 15.

[Admin]

45. KumarA. and Hancke G.P. Energy Efficient Environment Monitoring System Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard for Low Cost Requirements // IEEE Sensors J. - 2014. P.1-10.

Abstract: Power consumption, portability, and system cost are important parameters in designing pervasive measurement systems. With these parameters in mind, wireless environment monitoring system with a capability to monitor greenhouse gases, such as CO, CO2, SOX, NOX, O2 with environmental parameter is developed. In order to achieve the target design goals the communication module, the wireless smart transducer interface module (WSTIM) and wireless network capable application processor module (WNCAP) were developed based on the IEEE802.15.4, IEEE1451.2 and IEEE1451.1 standards, respectively. The low cost and energy efficient gas sensing modules were successfully developed with improved tolerance to EMF/RFI noise. We defined re-calibration of the system at time intervals to ensure that the desired accuracy in maintained. This paper presents the undertaken design detailing solutions to issues raised in previous research.

Main Figures:

References

[1] “UNEP united nations framework convention on climate change
(UNFCCC),” Tech. Rep., 2012.
[2] “USEPA: basic information and indicators in the United States,” United
States Environmental Protection Agency, 2nd Edit., 2005.
[3] “IEA climate change and the energy outlook,” Tech. Rep., pp. 173-184,
2009.
[4] R. D. Brook, B. Franklin, W. Cascio, Y. Hong, G. Howard, M. Lipsett,
R. Luepker, M. Mittleman, J. Samet, S. C. Smith, I. Tager, “A
Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Expert Panel on
Population and Prevention Science of the American Heart Association,”
A. H. A. J., pp. 2655-2671, 2004.
[5] “NACA report on air quality,” National Association for Clean Air, 2012,
http://www.naca.org.za (visited on 10Ferburay 2013).
[6] T. Tietenberg, M. Grubb, A. Michaelowa, B. Swift, and Z. X. Zhang,
“International rules of greenhouse gas emissions trading: defining the
principles, modalities, rules and guidelines for verification, reporting and
accountability,” Documents of United Nations.
[7] O. A. Postolache, J. M. D. Pereira, and P. M. B. S. Girao, “Smart sensors
network for air quality monitoring applications,” IEEE Trans. Instrum.
Meas., vol. 58, no. 9, pp. 3253-3262, Sep. 2009.
[8] N. Kularatna and B. H. Sudantha, “An environmental air pollution
monitoring system based on the IEEE 1451 standard for low cost
requirements,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 415 – 422, Apr. 2008.
[9] A. Kumar, I. P. Singh, and S. K. Sud, “Energy efficient and low cost
indoor environment monitoring system based on the IEEE 1451
standard,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 2598-2610, Oct. 2011.
[10] J. B. Miller, “Catalytic sensors for monitoring explosive atmospheres,”
IEEE Sensors J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 88–93, Jun. 2001.
[11] M. C. Rodriguez-Sanchez, S. Borromeo, and J. A. Hernandez-Tamames,
“Wireless sensor networks for conservation and monitoring cultural
assets,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1382-1389, June 2011.
[12] V. Jelicic, M. Magno, D. Brunelli, G. Paci, and L. Benini, “Contextadaptive
multimodal wireless sensor network for energy-efficient gas
monitoring,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 328-338, Jan. 2013.
[13] V. C. Gungor, G. P. Hancke, “Industrial wireless sensor networks:
challenges, design principles, and technical approach,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 4258-4265, Oct. 2009.
[14] S. Choi, N. Kim, H. Cha, and R. Ha, “Micro sensor node for air pollutant
monitoring: Hardware and Software issues,” Sensors, vol. 9, no. 10, pp.
7970-7987, 2009.
[15] C. Chen, F. Tsow, K. D. Campbell, R. Iglesias, E. Forzani, and N. Tao,
“A wireless hybrid chemical sensor for detection of environmental
volatile organic compounds,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1748-
1755, May 2013.
[16] H. Yang, Y. Qin, G. Feng, and H. Ci, “Online monitoring of geological
CO2 storage and leakage based on wireless sensor networks,” IEEE
Sensors J., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 556-562, Feb. 2013.
[17] H. C. Lin, Y. C. Kan, and Y. M. Hong, “The comprehensive gateway
model for diverse environmental monitoring upon wireless sensor
network,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1293-1303, May 2011.
[18] Y. Kim, R. G. Evans, and W. M. Iversen, “Remote sensing and control of
an irrigation system using a distributed wireless sensor network,” IEEE
Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1379-1387, July 2008.
[19] A. L. Ekuakille and A. Trotta, “Predicting VOC concentration
measurements: cognitive approach for sensor networks,” IEEE Sensors
J., vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 3023-3030, November 2011.
[20] R. Yan, H. Sun, and Y. Qian, “Energy-aware sensor node design with its
application in wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.,
vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 1183-1191, May 2013.
[21] I. F. Akyildiz and M. C. Vuran, “Factors influencing WSN design,”
Wireless Sensor Networks, 1ST ed., Wiley, 2010, pp. 37-51.
[22] A. R. Nieves, N. M. Madrid, R. Seepold, J. M. Larrauri, and B. A.
Larrinaga, “A UPnP service to control and manage IEEE 1451
transducers in control networks,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 61,
no. 3, pp. 791-800, March 2012.
[23] IEEE Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and
Actuators - Transducer to Microp. Commun. Protocols and Transducer
Electr. Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats, IEEE standard 1451.2-1997, 1997.
[24] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Inc., IEEE Std.
802.15.4-2003, IEEE standard for information Technology-
Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems-Local
and Metropolitan Area Networks, New York, 2003.
[25] A. Kumar, H. Kim, and G. P. Hancke, “Environmental monitoring
system: a review,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1329–1339, April
2013.
[26] D. M. Wilson, S. Hoyt, J. Janata, K. Booksh, and L. Obando, “Chemical
sensors for portable, handheld field instruments,” IEEE Sensors J., vol.
1, no. 4, December 2001.
[27] G. Hanrahan, D. G. Patil, and J. Wang, “Electrochemical sensors for
environment monitoring: design, development, and applications,” J.
Envir. Monit., vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 657-664, June 2004.
[28] O. Ilwhan, C. N. Monty, and R. I. Masel, “Electrochemical multiphase
microreactor as fast, selective, and portable chemical sensor to trace
toxic vapors,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 522-526, May 2008.
[29] Alphasense Sensors Data Sheet, SO2-D4, CO2-D1, CO-CF, NO2-A1, O2-
A1: Alphasense Ltd., Sensor Technology House, Great Notley, U. K.,
June 2009.
[30] NSC Data Sheet, LM35CZ: Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensor,
National Semiconductor Corporation, USA, November 2000.
[31] Honeywell Data Sheet, HIH4000: Humidity sensors, Honeywell
Company, Illinois, USA, March 2005.
[32] Microchip Devices Data Sheet, The PIC18F4550 Microcontroller,
Microchip Technology Inc., Arizona, USA, 2009.
[33] L. Spritzer, J. R. Stetter, S. Zaromb, US Patent: 4384925A, 1983.
[34] XBee-PRO RF Module, Digi International Inc., MN 55343,
http://www.digi.com, (visited on 10th Sept. 2011).
[35] IEEE Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and
Actuators—Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP)
Information Model, IEEE standard 1451.1-1999, 1999.
[36] J. Baekelmans, W. D. Witte, V. Mario, and T. Vos, US Patent:
EP2099199A1, 2008
[37] NIC LabVIEW Manual, National Instruments Corporate, Austin, USA,
Aug. 2009.
[38] J. Norair, “Introduction to DASH 7 technologies,” Dash 7 Alliance Low
Power Technical Overview, 2009.

[Admin]

46. Grady H., Patila D.G., Wang J. Electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring: design, development and applications // The Royal Society of Chemistry. J. Environ. Monit. - 2004, V.6. P. 657 – 664.

Abstract: The advancement in miniaturization and microfabrication technology has led to the development of sensitive and selective electrochemical devices for field-based and in situ environmental monitoring. Electrochemical sensing devices have a major impact upon the monitoring of priority pollutants by allowing the instrument to be taken to the sample (rather than the traditional way of bringing the sample to the laboratory). Such devices can perform automated chemical analyses in complex matrices and provide rapid, reliable and inexpensive measurements of a variety of inorganic and organic pollutants. Although not exhaustive due to the vast amounts of new and exciting electrochemical research, this review addresses many important advances in electrochemical sensor design and development for environmental monitoring purposes. Critical design factors and development issues including analytical improvements (e.g. detection limits), microfabrication and remote communication are presented. In addition, modern environmental applications will be discussed and future perspectives considered.

Main Figures:

References

1 I. Heninger, M. Potin-Gautier, I. de Gregori and H. Pinochet,
Storage of aqueous solutions of selenium for speciation at trace
level, Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem., 1997, 357, 600–610.
2 A. Aminot and R. Kerouel, Assessment of heat treatment for
nutrient preservation in seawater samples, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1997,
351, 299–309.
3 P. Gardolinski, G. Hanrahan, E. Achterberg, M. Gledhill,
A. Tappin, A. House and P. Worsfold, Comparison of sample
storage protocols for the determination of nutrients in natural
waters, Water Res., 2001, 35, 3670–3678.
4 D. A. Polya, P. R. Lythgoe, F. Abou-Shakra, A. G. Gault,
J. R. Brydie, J. G. Webster, K. L. Brown, M. K. Nimfogpoulus
and K. M. Michailidis, IC-ICP-MS and IC-ICP-HEX-MS
determination of arsenic speciation in surface and groundwaters:
preservation and analytical issues, Mineral. Mag., 2003, 67,
247–261.
5 J. Wang, Analytical Electrochemistry, John Wiley & Sons,
New York, 2nd edn., 2000.
6 M. Taillefert, G. W. Luther and D. B. Nuzzio, The Application of
Electrochemical Tools for in situ Measurements in Aquatic
Systems, Electroanalysis, 2000, 12, 401–412.
7 E. Bakker and M. Telting-Diaz, Electrochemical sensors, Anal.
Chem., 2002, 74, 2781–2800.
8 K. Howell, E. P. Achterberg, C. B. Braungardt, A. D. Tappin,
D. R. Turner and P. J. Worsfold, The determination of trace
metals in estuarine and coastal waters using a voltammetric in situ
profiling system, Analyst, 2003, 128, 734–741.
9 S. D. Collyer, J. J. Butler and S. P. Higson, The electrochemical
determination of n-nitrosamines at polymer modified electrodes
via an adsorptive stripping voltammetric regime, Electroanalysis,
1997, 9, 985–993.
10 L. M. Moretto, N. Pepe and P. Ugo, Voltammetry of redox
analytes at trace concentrations with nanoelectrodes ensembles,
Talanta, 2004, 62, 1055–1060.
11 H. Huang and P. K. Dasgupta, A field-deployable instrument for
the measurement and speciation of arsenic in potable water, Anal.
Chim. Acta, 1999, 380, 27–37.
12 S. D. Jhaveri, J. M. Mauro, H. M. Goldston, C. L. Schauer,
L. M. Tender and S. A. Trammell, A reagentless electrochemical
biosensor based on a protein scaffold, Chem. Commun., 2003,
338–339.
13 T. Sokalski, A. Ceresa, M. Fibbioli, T. Zwicki, E. Bakker and
E. Pretsch, Lowering the detection limit of solvent polymeric ionselective
membrane electrodes. 2. Influence of composition of
sample and internal electrolyte solution, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71,
1210–1214.
14 J. Wang, B. Tian, J. Lu, J. MacDonald, J. Wang and D. Luo,
Renewable reagent enzyme inhibition sensor for remote monitoring
of cyanide, Electroanalysis, 1998, 10, 1034–1043.
15 K. J. M. Sandsrto¨m, A.-L. Sunesson, J.-O. Levin and
A. P. F. Turner, A gas-phase biosensor for environmental
monitoring of formic acid: laboratory and field validation,
J. Environ. Monit., 2003, 5, 477–482.
16 G. E. Bately, Electroanalytical Techniques for the Determination
of Heavy Metals in Seawater, Mar. Chem., 1983, 12, 107–117.
17 M.-L. Tercier and J. Buffle, In situ voltammetric measurements in
natural waters: future prospects and challenges, Electroanalysis,
1993, 5, 187–200.
18 M.-L. Tercier and J. Buffle, Antifouling membrane-covered
voltammetric microsensor for in situ measurements in natural
waters, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 3670–3678.
19 J. Wang, D. Larson, N. Foster, S. Armalis, J. Lu, X. Rongrong,
K. Olsen and A. Zirino, Remote electrochemical sensor for trace
metal contaminants, Anal. Chem., 1995, 67, 1481–1485.
20 J. Wang, J. Lu, D. Luo, J. Wang, M. Jiang and B. Tian,
Renewable-reagent electrochemical sensor for monitoring trace
metal contaminants, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 2640–2645.
21 J. Wang, In situ electrochemical monitoring: from remote sensors
to submersible microlaboratories, Lab. Rob. Autom., 2000, 12,
178–182.
22 M. Tercier-Waeber, F. Confalonieri, G. Riccardi, A. Sina,
F. Graziottin and J. Buffle, Multi physical-chemical profiler for
real-time automated in situ monitoring of specific fractions of trace
metals and master variables, J. Phys. IV, 2003, 107, 1927–1300.
23 J. Barek and J. Zima, Electrochemistry of environmentally
important organic substances, in Electrochemistry for Environmental
Protection, ed. K. Sˇ tulı´k and R. Kalvoda, UNESCO,
Venice, 1996, Technical Report 25.
24 J. Barek, J. Cvacˇka, A. Much, V. Quaiserova´ and J. Zima,
Electrochemical methods for monitoring of environmental
carcinogens, Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem., 2001, 369, 556–562.
25 G. K. Budnikov, G. A. Evtyugin, E. P. Rizaeva, A. N. Ivanov and
V. Z. Latypova, Comparative assessment of electrochemical
biosensors for determining inhibitors-environmental pollutants,
J. Anal. Chem., 1999, 54, 864–871.
26 J. Wang and W. Chen, Remote Electrochemical Biosensor for
Field Monitoring of Phenolic Compounds, Anal. Chim. Acta,
1995, 312, 39–44.
27 F. C. Walsh, Electrochemical technology for environmental
treatment and clean energy conversion, Pure Appl. Chem., 2001,
73, 1819–1837.
28 L. J. J. Janssen and L. Koene, The role of electrochemistry and
electrochemical technology in environmental protection, Chem.
Eng. J., 2002, 85, 137–146.
29 J. Wang, R. Bhada, J. Lu and D. MacDonald, Remote
electrochemical sensor for monitoring TNT in natural waters,
Anal. Chim. Acta, 1998, 361, 85–92.
30 J. Wang, L. Chen, A. Mulchandani and W. Chen, Remote
Biosensor for in situ Monitoring of Organophosphate Compounds,
Electroanalysis, 1999, 11, 866–890.
31 G. Gauglitz, Optical sensors, Biosensors for Environmental
Monitoring, ed. U. Bilitewski and A. P. F. Turner, Harwood
Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 2000.
32 G. Whitenett, G. Stewart, K. Atherton, B. Culshaw and
W. Johnstone, Optical fibre instrumentation for environmental
monitoring applications, J. Optics A: Pure Appl. Optics, 2003, 5,
S140–S145.
33 C. M. A. Brett, Electrochemical sensors for environmental
monitoring. Strategy and examples, Pure Appl. Chem., 2001, 73,
1969–1977.
34 W. Bourgeois, A.-C. Romain, J. Nicolas and R. M. Stuetz, The use
of sensor arrays for environmental monitoring: interests and
limitations, J. Environ. Monit., 2003, 5, 852–860.
35 C. Belmont-He´bert, M.-L. Tercier, J. Buffle, G. C. Fiaccabrino,
N. F. de Rooij and M. Koudelka-Hep, Gel-integrated microelectrode
arrays for direct voltammetric measurements of heavy
metals in natural waters and other complex media, Anal. Chem.,
1998, 70, 2949–2956.
36 S. Sasso, R. Pierce, R. Walla and A. Yacynych, Electropolymerized
1,2-diaminobenzene as a means to prevent interferences and
fouling and to stabilize immobilized enzyme in electrochemical
biosensors, Anal. Chem., 1990, 62, 1111–1117.
37 P. Brendel and G. Luther, Development of a gold amalgam
voltammetric microelectrode for the determination of dissolved
Fe, Mn, O2, and S(-II) in pore-waters of marine and freshwater
sediments, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1995, 29, 751–761.
38 J. Wang, Stripping Analysis, VCH Publishers, New York, 1985.
39 M. Paneli and A. Voulgaropoulos, Applications of adsorptive
stripping voltammetry in the determination of trace and ultratrace
metals, Electroanalysis, 1993, 5, 355–373.
40 T. M. Florence and G. Batley, Scheme for classification of heavy
metal species in natural waters, Anal. Chem., 1980, 52, 1962–1963.
41 J. Wang, B. Tian, J. Lu, J. Wang, D. Luo and D. MacDonald,
Remote Electrochemical Sensor for Monitoring Trace Mercury,
Electroanalysis, 1998, 10, 399–402.
42 J. Wang, J. Lu, S. Hocevar and B. Ogorevc, Bismuth-coated
screen-printed electrodes for stripping voltammetric measurements
of trace lead, Electroanalysis, 2001, 13, 13–17.
43 K. A. Howell, E. Achteberg, C. Braungardt, A. Tappin,
P. J. Worsfold and D. Turner, Voltammetric in situ measurements
in coastal waters, Trends Anal. Chem., 2003, 22, 828–835.
44 J. Wang, Q. Chen and G. Cerpia, Electrocatalytic modified
electrode for remote monitoring of hydrazines, Talanta, 1996, 43,
1387–1391.
45 A. J. Baeumner, Biosensors for environmental pollutants and food
contaminants, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2003, 377, 434–445.
46 V. Saxena and B. D. Malhotra, Electrochemical biosensors, Adv.
Biosens., 2003, 5, 63–100.
47 H. Nakamura and I. Karube, Current research activity in
biosensors, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2003, 377, 446–468.
48 C. Fan, Z Genxi and D. Zhu, Recent progresses in immobilized
enzyme-based reagentless electrochemical biosensors, Curr. Top.
Anal. Chem., 2002, 3, 233–251.
49 G. Chiti, G. Marrazza and M. Mascini, Electrochemical DNA
biosensor for environmental monitoring, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2001,
427, 155–164.
50 I. Biran, R. Babai, K. Levcov, J. Rishpon and E. Z. Ron, Online
and in situ monitoring of environmental pollutants: electrochemical
biosensing of cadmium, Environ. Microbiol., 2000, 2,
285–290.
51 Y. Herschkovitz, I. Eshkenazi, C. E. Campbell and J. Rishpon,
An electrochemical biosensor for formaldehyde, J. Electroanal.
Chem., 2000, 491, 182–197.
52 J. Sˇ vitel and S. Miertusˇ, Development of tyrosinase-based
biosensor and its application for monitoring of bioremediation
of phenol and phenolic compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1998,
32, 828–832.
53 L. H. Larsen, T. Kjaer and N. P. Revsbech, A microscale NO3
2
biosensor for environmental applications, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69,
3527–3531.
54 J. E. Frew and H. A. Hill, Electrochemical Biosensors, Anal.
Chem., 1987, 59, 933A–939A.
55 A. P. F. Turner, Biochemistry: biosensors-sense and sensitivity,
Science, 2000, 290, 1315–1318.
56 J. Kulys, Amperometric enzyme electrodes in analytical chemistry,
Fresenius’ Z. Anal. Chem., 1989, 335, 86–91.
57 E. Bakker, P. Buhlmann and E. Pretsch, Polymer membrane ionselective
electrodes - What are the limits?, Electroanalysis, 1999,
11, 915–922.
58 M. Pu¨ ntener, T. Vigassy, E. Baier, A. Ceresa and E. Pretsch,
Improving the lower detection limit of potentiometric sensors by
covalently binding the ionophore to a polymer backbone, Anal.
Chim. Acta, 2004, 503, 187–194.
59 A. Ceresa, E. Bakker, B. Hattendorf, D. Gunther and E. Pretsch,
Potentiometric polymeric membrane electrodes for measurement
of environmental samples at trace levels: New requirements for
selectivities and measuring protocols, and comparison with
ICPMS, Anal. Chem., 2001, 73, 343–348.
60 T. Le Goff, J. Braven, L. Ebdon and D. Scholefield, Automatic
continuous river monitoring of nitrate using a novel ion-selective
electrode, J. Environ. Monit., 2003, 5, 353–358.
61 J. Braven, L. Ebdon, N. C. Frampton, T. Le Goff, D. Scholefield
and P. G. Sutton, Mechanistic aspects of nitrate-selective electrodes
with immobilised ion exchangers in a rubbery membrane,
Analyst, 2003, 128, 1067–1072.
62 B. Muller, K. Buis, R. Stierli and B. Wehrli, High spatial
resolution measurements in lake sediments with PVC based liquid
membrane ion-selective electrodes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 1998, 43,
1728–1733.
63 K. S. Black, G. R. Fones, O. C. Peppe, H. A. Kennedy and
I. Bentaleb, An autonomous benthic lander, Cont. Shelf Res.,
2001, 21, 859–877.
64 S. Martinez-Barrachina, J. Alonso, L. Matia, R. Prats and M. del
Valle, Determination of trace levels of anionic surfactants in river
water and wastewater by a flow injection analysis system with on
line preconcentration and potentiometric detection, Anal. Chem.,
1999, 71, 3684–3691.
65 O. V. Stepanets, G. Y. Solov’eva, A. M. Mikhailova and
A. I. Kulapin, Rapid determination of anionic surfactants in
seawater under shipboard conditions, J. Anal. Chem., 2001, 56,
290–293.
66 T. Taboada-Castro, A. Dieguez, B. Lopez and A. Paz-Gonzalez,
Comparison of conventional water testing methods with ionselective
electrodes technique for NO3
2, Cl2, Ca2+, K+, and Na+,
Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 2000, 31, 1993–2005.
67 T. Neufeld, I. Eshkenzai, E. Cohen and J. Rishpon, A micro flow
injection electrochemical biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides,
Curr. Sep., 2001, 19, 94–100.
68 R. S. Freire, N. Duran and L. T. Kubota, Development of a
laccase-based flow injection electrochemical biosensor for the
determination of phenolic compounds and its application for
monitoring remediation of Kraft E1 paper mill effluent, Anal.
Chim. Acta, 2002, 463, 229–238.
69 K. B. Male, C. Saby and J. H. T. Luong, Optimization and
characterization of a flow injection electrochemical system for
pentachlorophenol assay, Anal. Chem., 1998, 70, 4134–4139.
70 J. Zhou and A. Mason, Communication buses and protocols for
sensor networks, Sensors, 2002, 2, 244–257.
71 X. Yang, K. G. Ong, W. R. Dreschel, K. Zeng, C. S. Mungle and
C. A. Grimes, Design of a wireless sensor network for longterm,
in situ monitoring of an aqueous environment, Sensors, 2,
455–472.

[Admin]

47. Sedlak P., Kubersky P., Skarvada P., Hamacek A., Sedlakova V., Majzner J., Nespurek S., Sikula J. Current fluctuation measurements of amperometric gas sensors constructed with three different technology procedures // Metrol. Meas. Syst., Vol. 23 (2016), No. 4, pp. 531–543.

Abstract: Electrochemical amperometric gas sensors represent a well-established and versatile type of devices with unique features: good sensitivity and stability, short response/recovery times, and low power consumption. These sensors operate at room temperature, and therefore have been applied in monitoring air pollutants and detection of toxic and hazardous gases in a number of areas . Some drawbacks of classical electrochemical sensors are overcome by the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on ionic liquids. This work presents evaluation of an SPE-based amperometric sensor from the point of view of current fluctuations. The sensor is based on a novel three-electrode sensor platform with solid polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid for detection of nitrogen dioxide − a highly toxic gas that is harmful to the environment and presenting a possible threat to human health even at low concentrations. The paper focuses on using noise measurement (electric current fluctuation measurement) for evaluation of electrochemical sensors which were constructed by different fabrication processes: (i) lift-off and drop-casting technology, (ii) screen printing technology on a ceramic substrate and (iii) screen printing on a flexible substrate.

Main Figures:

References

[1] Xiong, L., Compton, R.G. (2014). Amperometric Gas detection: A Review, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 9, 7152–
81.
[2] Janata, J. (2009). Principles of Chemical Sensors. Boston, MA: Springer US.
[3] Stetter, J.R., Li, J. (2008). Amperometric gas sensors a review. Chem. Rev., 108, 352–66.
[4] Buzzeo, M.C., Hardacre, C., Compton, R.G. (2004) Use of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids in Gas Sensor.
Design Anal. Chem., 76, 4583–8.
[5] Silvester, D. S. (2011). Recent advances in the use of ionic liquids for electrochemical sensing. Analyst, 136,
4871–82.
[6] Kuberský, P., Sedlák, P., Hamáček, A., Nešpůrek, S., Kuparowitz, T., Šikulam J., Majzner, J., Sedlaková,
V., Grmela, L., Syrový, T. (2015). Quantitative fluctuation-enhanced sensing in amperometric NO2 sensors.
Chem. Phys., 456, 111–7.
[7] Toniolo, R., Dossi, N., Pizzariello, A., Doherty, A.P., Bontempelli, G. (2012). A Membrane Free
Amperometric Gas Sensor Based on Room Temperature Ionic Liquids for the Selective Monitoring of NOx
Electroanalysis. 24, 865–71.
[8] Kuberský, P., Hamáček, A., Nešpůrek, S., Soukup, R., Vik, R. (2013). Effect of the geometry of a working
electrode on the behavior of a planar amperometric NO2 sensor based on solid polymer electrolyte. Sens.
Actuators B Chem., 187, 546–52.
[9] Kuberský, P., Syrový, T., Hamáček, A., Nešpůrek, S., Syrová, L. (2015). Towards a fully printed
electrochemical NO2 sensor on a flexible substrate using ionic liquid based polymer electrolyte. Sens.
Actuators B Chem., 209, 1084–90.
[10] Armand, M., Endres, F., MacFarlane, D.R., Ohno, H., Scrosati, B. (2009). Ionic-liquid materials for the
electrochemical challenges of the future. Nat. Mater., 8, 621–9.
[11] Rogers, E.I., O’Mahony, A.M., Aldous, L., Compton, R.G. (2010). Amperometric Gas Detection Using
Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Solvents. ECS Trans., 33, 473–502.
[12] Singh, P.S., Chan, H.S.M., Kang, S., Lemay, S.G. (2011). Stochastic Amperometric Fluctuations as a Probe
for Dynamic Adsorption in Nanofluidic. Electrochemical Systems J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 18289–95.
[13] Rehman, A., Zeng, X. (2012). Ionic liquids as green solvents and electrolytes for robust chemical sensor
development. Acc. Chem. Res., 45, 1667–77.
[14] Vandamme, L.K.J. (1994). Noise as a diagnostic tool for quality and reliability of electronic devices. Electron
Devices IEEE Trans. On, 41, 2176–87.
[15] Sedlakova, V., Majzner, J., Sedlak, P., Kopecky, M., Sikula, J., Zarnik, M.S., Belavic, D., Hrovat, M. (2012).
Evaluation of piezoresistive ceramic pressure sensors using noise measurements. Inf. MIDEM, 42, 109–14.
[16] Zarnik, M.S., Sedlakova, V., Belavic, D., Sikula, J., Majzner, J., Sedlak, P. (2013). Estimation of the longterm
stability of piezoresistive LTCC pressure sensors by means of low-frequency noise measurements. Sens.
Actuators Phys., 199, 334–43.
[17] Santo Zarnik, M., Belavic, D., Sedlakova, V., Sikula, J., Kopecky, M., Sedlak, P., Majzner, J. (2013)
Comparison of the Intrinsic Characteristics of LTCC and Silicon Pressure Sensors by Means of 1/f Noise.
Measurements Radioengineering, 22, 227–32.
[18] Contaret, T., Seguin, J.L., Aguir, K., Menini, P. (2013). Adsorption-desorption noise as a selective detection
tool for metal-oxide gas microsensors. 22nd International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations, 1–4.
[19] Schmera, G., Kish, L.B., (2002). Fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing by surface acoustic wave devices. Fluct.
Noise Lett., 02, L117–23.
[20] Kish, L.B., Li, Y., Solis, J.L., Marlow, W.H., Vajtai, R., Granqvist, C.G., Lantto, V., Smulko, J.M., Schmera,
G. (2005). Detecting harmful gases using fluctuation-enhanced sensing with Taguchi sensors. IEEE Sens. J.,
5, 671–6.
[21] Ayhan, B., Kwan, C., Zhou, J., Kish, L.B., Benkstein, K.D., Rogers, P.H., Semancik, S. (2013). Fluctuation
enhanced sensing (FES) with a nanostructured, semiconducting metal oxide film for gas detection and
classification. Sens. Actuators B Chem., 188, 651–60.
[22] Macku, R., Smulko, J., Koktavy, P., Trawka, M., Sedlak, P. (2015). Analytical fluctuation enhanced sensing
by resistive gas sensors. Sens. Actuators B Chem., 213, 390–6.
[23] Smulko, J.M., Ederth, J., Li, Y., Kish, L.B., Kennedy, M.K., Kruis, F.E. (2005). Gas sensing by
thermoelectric voltage fluctuations in SnO2 nanoparticle films. Sens. Actuators B Chem., 106, 708–12.
[24] Contaret, T., Seguin, J., Aguir, K. (2011). Physical-based characterization of low frequency responses in
metal-oxide gas sensors 2011. IEEE Sensors 2011 IEEE Sensors. 141–4.
[25] Sedlak, P., Sikula, J., Majzner, J., Vrnata, M., Fitl, P., Kopecky, D., Vyslouzil, F., Handel, P.H. (2012)
Adsorption-desorption noise in QCM gas sensors. Sens. Actuators B Chem., 166–167, 264–8.
[26] Djurić, Z., Jakšić, O., Randjelović, D. (2002). Adsorption-desorption noise in micromechanical resonant
structures. Sens. Actuators Phys., 96, 244–51.
[27] Ahmadi, M.M., Jullien, G.A. (2009). Current-Mirror-Based Potentiostats for Three-Electrode
Amperometric. Electrochemical Sensors IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Regul. Pap., 56, 1339–48.
[28] Bronzino, J.D. (1999). Biomedical Engineering Handbook. CRC Press.
[29] Prasek, J., Trnkova, L., Gablech, I., Businova, P., Drbohlavova, J., Chomoucka, J., Adam, V., Kizek, R.,
Hubalek, J. (2012). Optimization of planar three-electrode systems for redox system detection. Int. J.
Electrochem. Sci., 7, 1785–801.
[30] Sedlak, P., Sikula, J., Sedlakova, V., Chvatal, M., Majzner, J., Vondra, M., Kubersky, P., Nespurek, S.,
Hamacek, A. (2013). Noise in amperometric NO2 sensor. 22nd International Conference on Noise and
Fluctuations (ICNF) 2013 22nd International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF), 1–4.
[31] Sedlak, P., Kubersky, P., Nespurek, S., Majzner, J., Macku, R., Skarvada, P., Sedlakova, V., Hamacek, A.,
Sikula, J. (2015). Investigation of adsorption-desorption phenomenon by using current fluctuations of
amperometric NO2 gas sensor. 23nd International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations ICNF. 22nd
International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations ICNF, Xian, China, IEEE, 1–4.
[32] Kuberský, P., Altšmíd, J., Hamáček, A., Nešpůrek, S., Zmeškal, O. (2015). An Electrochemical NO2 Sensor
Based on Ionic Liquid. Influence of the Morphology of the Polymer Electrolyte on Sensor Sensitivity Sensors,
15(11), 28421−28434.
[33] Hassibi, A., Navid, R., Dutton, R.W., Lee, T.H. (2004). Comprehensive study of noise processes in electrode
electrolyte interfaces. J. Appl. Phys., 96, 1074–82.
[34] Kuo, C.K., Brophy, J.J. (1988). A Review of Noise Studies in Superionic Electrolytes. DTIC Document.
[35] Punter, J., Colomer-Farrarons, J., Ll, P. (2013). Bioelectronics for Amperometric Biosensors State of the Art
in Biosensors − General Aspects. Rinken, T. (ed). InTech.
[36] Sohn, K.S., Oh, S.J., Kim, E.J., Gim, J.M., Kim, N.S., Kim, Y.S., Kim, J.W. (2013) A Unified Potentiostat
for Electrochemical Glucose Sensors. Trans. Electr. Electron. Mater., 14, 273–7.
[37] Sedlakova, V., Sikula, J., Chvatal, M., Pavelka, J., Tacano, M., Toita, M. (2012). Noise in Submicron Metal-
Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors: Lateral Electron Density Distribution and Active Trap
Position. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 51, 024105.
[38] Kätelhön, E., Krause, K.J., Mathwig, K., Lemay, S.G., Wolfrum, B. (2014). Noise Phenomena Caused by
Reversible Adsorption in Nanoscale Electrochemical Devices ACS Nano, 8, 4924–30.
[39] Smulko, J., Darowicki, K., Wysocki, P. (1998). Digital measurement system for electrochemical noise.
Polish Journal of Chemistry, 72(7), 1237−1241.
[40] Nádherná, M., Opekar, F., Reiter, J., Štulík, K. (2012). A planar, solid-state amperometric sensor for nitrogen
dioxide, employing an ionic liquid electrolyte contained in a polymeric matrix. Sens. Actuators B Chem.,
161, 811–7.

[Admin]

48. Dhokte R. G., Nerkar Dr. M. H. Dynamic Stand-Alone Gas Detection System //International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). – 2017. Vol.4. P.1330 – 1340.

Abstract: Growing industries are need of 21st century, but these growing industries are also responsible for growing pollution. Not only the industries but also need of transportation is also increasing which leads to increase in concentration of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc. gases. So, detection and concentration monitoring (mapping) of these gases is very important issue. Currently various static systems are located at key locations. But these systems are not flexible for operating at different applications. Therefore this dynamic system is designed. This system is designed by using microcontroller as well as GUI for flexible operation of hardware. This system uses chemo resistive (MOS) sensors for detection of carbon monoxide, LPG and methane gas. For controlling of system AVR ATmega 16 is used. Also GSM module is used for communication purpose. This system is cost effective; also the results of sensors are approximately equal to the standard system. Preheat time required for the result is 16-22 minutes.

Main Figures:

References

[1] Bennett, C. L., Carter M. R., and Fields, D. J., “Hyperspectral imaging in the infrared using LIFTIRS,” Optical Remote Sensing for Environmental and Process Monitoring, Volume 55, pp. 267-275. 1995.
[2] Brandy J. Johnson, Anthony P. Malanoski, Jeffrey S. Erickson, Ray Liu, Allison R. Remenapp, David A. Stenger, and Martin H. Moore, “Reflectance-based detection for long term environmental monitoring”, Heliyon, Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2017.
[3] Cosofret B. R., Marinelli W. J., Ustun T., Gittins C. M., Boies M. T., Hinds M. F., Rossi D. C., Coxe R., Chang S., “Passive infrared imaging sensor for standoff detection of methane leaks”, SPIE Optics East Chemical and Biological Standoff Detection II, October 2004.
[4] Iseki T., Tai H., and Kimura K., “A portable remote methane sensor using a tunable diode laser,” Meas. Sci. Technol., Volume 11, pp. 594-602, 2000.
[5] Maurizio Rossi, David Brunelli, “Autonomous Gas Detection and Mapping with UAVs”, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation And Measurement, Volume 65, Issue 4, April 2016.
[6] McGonigle A.J.S., Aiuppa A., Giudice G., Tamburello G., Hodson A.J., Gurrieri S. “Unmanned aerial vehicle measurements of volcanic carbon dioxide fluxes”. Geophys. Res. Lett., 2008.
[7] Minato, A., Joarder, M. A., Ozawa, S., Kadoya, M., and Sugimoto, N., “Development of a Lidar System for Measuring Methane Using a Gas Correlation Method,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Volume 38, pp. 6130-6132, 1999.
[8] Oyedeko K. F. K.. Balogun H.A, “Modeling and Simulation of a Leak Detection for Oil and Gas Pipelines via Transient Model: A Case Study of the Niger Delta”, Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2015.
[9] Sperl J. L., “System pinpoints leaks on Point Arguello offshore line”, Oil and Gas Journal, September 1991.
[10] Turner N. C., “Hardware and software techniques for pipeline integrity and leak detection monitoring”, Proceedings of Offshore Europe 91, 1991.
[11] Cristina Gomez, David R. Green, “Small scale airborne platforms for oil and gas pipeline monitoring and mapping”, University of Aberdeen.
[12] Yudaya Sivathana, “Natural gas leak detection in pipelines”, U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory.
[13] Figaro Engineering INC, Google, http://www.figaro.co.jp/en/technicalinf ... -type.html
[14] Henwei Electronics Co., LTD, Pololu, http://www.pololu.com/file/0J309/MQ2.pdf
[15] Henwei Electronics Co., LTD, Pololu, http://www.pololu.com/file/0J313/MQ7.pdf
[16] Henwei Electronics Co., LTD, Sparkfun Electronics, http://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/sens ... c/MQ-7.pdf.
[17] Neru5.Ru,neru5.ru/index.php?route=product/productandproduct_id=650
[18] Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth
[19] Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology Co., LTD, Sparkfun Electronics, cdn.sparkfun.com/datasheets/sensor/Biometric/MQ-4ver1.3-Manual.pdf

[Admin]

49. Asif O., Hossain B., Hasan M., Rahman T., Chowdhury M. Fire-Detectors Review and Design of an Automated, Quick Responsive Fire-Alarm System Based on SMS // Int. J. Communications, Network and System Sciences. - 2014. Vol. 7. P. 386-395.

Abstract: In this work a review of existing fire-detector types has been carried out along with the development of a low cost, portable, and reliable microcontroller based automated fire alarm system for remotely alerting any fire incidents in household or industrial premises. The aim of the system designed is to alert the distant property-owner efficiently and quickly by sending short message (SMS) via GSM network. A Linear integrated temperature sensor detects temperature beyond preset value whereas semiconductor type sensor detects presence of smoke or gas from fire hazards. The sensor units are connected via common data line to ATMega8L AVR microcontroller. A SIM300CZ GSM kit based network module, capable of operating in standard GSM bands, has been used to send alert messages. The system is implemented on printed circuit board (PCB) and tested under different experimental conditions to evaluate its performances.

Main Figures:

References

[1] Zhang, L. and Wang, G. (2009) Design and Implementation of Automatic Fire Alarm System Based on Wireless Sensor
Networks. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Information Processing (ISIP’09), Huangshan, 21-23
August 2009, 410-413.
[2] Kwon, O.H., Cho, S.M. and Hwang, S.M. (2008) Design and Implementation of Fire Detection System. Advanced
Software Engineering and Its Applications, Hainan Island, 13-15 December 2008, 233-236.
[3] Li, J.H., Zou, X.H. and Lu, W. (2012) The Design and Implementation of Fire Smoke Detection System Based on
FPGA. Proceedings of the 24th Control and Decision Conference, Taiyuan, 23-25 May 2012, 3919-3922.
[4] BBC NEWS ASIA (25 November 2012) Dhaka Bangladesh Clothes Factory Fire Kills more than 100.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-20482273
[5] The Guardian (4 June 2010) Dhaka Fire Kills up to 150 in Bangladesh.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/j ... bangladesh
[6] Cote, A. and Bugbee, P. (1988) Ionization Smoke Detectors. Principles of Fire Protection. National Fire Protection
Association, Quincy, 249.
[7] Northeast Document Conservation Center, Nick Artim, an Introduction to Fire Detection, Alarm, and Automatic Fire
Sprinklers.
http://www.nedcc.org/free-resources/pre ... ire-detect
ion,-alarm,-and-automatic-fire-sprinklers
[8] Safelincs-Fire Safety Products. http://www.safelincs.co.uk/
[9] National Fire Protection Association, Ionization vs. Photoelectric.
http://www.nfpa.org/safety%20informatio ... %20alarms/
ionization%20vs%20photoelectric.aspx
[10] Bukowski, R.W., Peacock, R.D., Averill, J.D., Cleary, T.G., Bryner, N.P., Walton, W.D., Reneke, P.A. and Kuligowski,
E.D. (2007) Performance of Home Smoke Alarms Analysis of the Response of Several Available Technologies in
Residential Fire Settings. NIST TN 1455-1; NIST Technical Note 1455-1; p. 396.
http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/fire07/art063.html
[11] Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (2013) Flame Detector. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_detector
[12] Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (2013) Flame Detection. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_detection
[13] Figaro Engineering Inc. (2014) http://www.figarosensor.com/products/general.pdf
[14] Atmel (2014), ATmega8. http://www.atmel.com/devices/atmega8.aspx
[15] Micron Electronics (2014), SIM300C GSM/GPRS MODULE.
http://www.simcom.us/product_detail.php?cid=1&pid=2
[16] MikroElektronika (2014) mikroC PRO for AVR. http://www.mikroe.com/mikroc/avr/
[17] CadSoft Computer (2014) CadSoft EAGLE PCB Design Software.
http://www.cadsoftusa.com/eagle-pcb-design-software/

[Admin]

50. Trevathan J., Johnstone R.Smart Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Technologies (SEMAT)—A New Paradigm for Low-Cost, Remote Aquatic Environmental Monitoring // Sensors. - 2018, V.18, 2248; doi:10.3390/s18072248.

Abstract: Expense and the logistical difficulties with deploying scientific monitoring equipment are the biggest limitations to undertaking large scale monitoring of aquatic environments. The Smart Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Technologies (SEMAT) project is aimed at addressing this problem by creating an open standard for low-cost, near real-time, remote aquatic environmental monitoring systems. This paper presents the latest refinement of the SEMAT system in-line with the evolution of existing technologies, inexpensive sensors and environmental monitoring expectations. We provide a systems analysis and design of the SEMAT remote monitoring units and the back-end data management system. The system’s value is augmented through a unique e-waste recycling and repurposing model which engages/educates the community in the production of the SEMAT units using social enterprise. SEMAT serves as an open standard for the community to innovate around to further the state of play with low-cost environmental monitoring. The latest SEMAT units have been trialled in a peri-urban lake setting and the results demonstrate the system’s capabilities to provide ongoing data in near real-time to validate an environmental model of the study site.

Main Figures:

References

1. World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality; World Health Organization: Geneva,
Switzerland, 2004; Volume 1.
2. Hamilton, G.S.; Fielding, F.; Chiffings, A.; Hart, B.T.; Johnstone, R.W.; Mengersen, K.R. Investigating the use
of a Bayesian Network to Model the Risk of Lyngbya majuscula Bloom Initiation in Deception Bay, Queensland,
Australia. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 2007, 13, 1271–1287. [CrossRef]
3. Lovett, G.M.; Burns, D.A.; Driscoll, C.T.; Jenkins, J.C.; Mitchell, M.J.; Rustad, L.; Haeuber, R. Who needs
environmental monitoring? Front. Ecol. Environ. 2007, 5, 253–260. [CrossRef]
4. Salvatore, M.; McCabe, M.F.; Miller, P.E.; Lucas, R.; Madrigal, V.P.; Mallinis, G.; Dor, E.B. On the Use of
Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Monitoring. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 641. [CrossRef]
5. Johnstone, R.; Caputo, D.; Cella, U.; Gandelli, A.; Alippi, C.; Grimaccia, F.; Zich, R.E. Smart Environmental
Measurement & Analysis Technologies (SEMAT): Wireless sensor networks in the marine environment. In
Proceedings of theWireless Sensor and Actuator Network Research on Opposite Sides of the Globe (SENSEI),
Stockholm, Sweden, 9 June 2008.
6. Alippi, C.; Camplani, R.; Galperti, C.; Roveri, M. A robust, adaptive, solar-powered WSN framework for
aquatic environmental monitoring. IEEE Sens. J. 2011, 11, 45–55. [CrossRef]
7. Trevathan, J.; Atkinson, I.; Read, W.; Bajema, N.; Lee, Y.J.; Scarr, A.; Johnstone, R. Developing low-cost
intelligent wireless sensor networks for aquatic environments. In Proceedings of the 2010 Sixth International
Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), Brisbane, QLD,
Australia, 7–10 December 2010; pp. 13–18.
8. Trevathan, J.; Johnstone, R.; Chiffings, T.; Atkinson, I.; Bergmann, N.; Read, W.; Stevens, T. SEMAT—The
next generation of inexpensive marine environmental monitoring and measurement systems. Sensors 2012,
12, 9711–9748. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. Sadler, J.M.; Ames, D.P.; Khattar, R. A recipe for standards-based data sharing using open source software
and low-cost electronics. J. Hydroinform. 2015, 20, jh2015092. [CrossRef]
10. Website: The Cave Pearl Project. Available online: https://edwardmallon.wordpress.com/about/about-me/
(accessed on 11 October 2017).
11. Cucchiella, F.; D’Adamo, I.; Gastaldi, M.; Koh, S.L.; Rosa, P. A comparison of environmental and energetic
performance of European countries: A sustainability index. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 78, 401–413.
[CrossRef]
12. Albaladejo, C.; Sánchez, P.; Iborra, A.; Soto, F.; López, J.A.; Torres, R. Wireless sensor networks for
oceanographic monitoring: A systematic review. Sensors 2010, 10, 6948–6968. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. Hill, K.; Moltmann, T.; Proctor, R.; Allen, S. The Australian Integrated Marine Observing System: Delivering
data streams to address national and international research priorities. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 2010, 44, 65–72.
[CrossRef]
14. Bainbridge, S.; Steinberg, C.; Furnas, M. GBROOS—An ocean observing system for the Great Barrier Reef.
In Proceedings of the 11th International Coral Reef Symposium, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA, 7–11 July 2008;
National Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University: Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA, 2010; pp. 529–533.
15. Seders, L.A.; Shea, C.A.; Lemmon, M.D.; Maurice, P.A.; Talley, J.W. LakeNet: An integrated sensor network
for environmental sensing in Lakes. Environ. Eng. Sci. 2007, 24, 183–191. [CrossRef]
16. Guo, Z.; Hong, F.; Feng, H.; Chen, P.; Yang, X.; Jiang, M. OceanSense: Sensor Network of Realtime
Ocean Environmental Data Observation and Its Development Platform. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM
International Workshop on UnderWater Networks, San Francisco, CA, USA, 15 September 2008; pp. 101–105.
17. Voigt, T.; Osterlind, F.; Finne, N.; Tsiftes, N.; He, Z.T.; Eriksson, J.; Dunkels, A.; Bamstedt, U.; Schiller, J.;
Hjort, K. Sensor Networking in Aquatic Environments: Experiences and New Challenges. In Proceedings of
the 32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, Dublin, Ireland, 15–18 October 2007; pp. 793–798.
18. O’Flynn, B.; Bellis, S.; Mahmood, K.; Morris, M.; Duffy, G.; Delaney, K.; O’Mathuna, C. A 3D miniaturised
programmable transceiver. Microelectron. Int. 2005, 22, 8–12. [CrossRef]
19. Ruberg, S.A.; Muzzi, R.W.; Brandt, S.B.; Lane, J.C.; Miller, T.C.; Gray, J.J.; Constant, S.A.; Downing, E.J.
AWireless Internet-Based Observatory: The Real-time Coastal ObservationNetwork (ReCON). In Proceedings
of the IEEE Conference OCEANS, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 29 September–4 October 2007; pp. 1–6.
20. Consi, T.R.; Anderson, G.; Barske, G.; Bootsma, H.; Hansen, T.; Janssen, J.; Klump, V.; Paddock, R.;
Szmania, D.; Verhein, K.; et al. Real time observation of the thermal bar and spring stratification of Lake
Michigan with the GLUCOS coastal observatory. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference OCEANS, Quebec,
QC, Canada, 15–18 September 2008; pp. 1–9.
21. Akyildiz, I.F.; Su,W.; Sankarasubramaniam, Y.; Cayirci, E.Wireless sensor networks: A survey. Comput. Netw.
2002, 38, 393–422. [CrossRef]
22. Oliveira, L.M.; Rodrigues, J.J.Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey on Environmental Monitoring. JCM 2011,
6, 143–151. [CrossRef]
23. Atzori, L.; Iera, A.; Morabito, G. The Internet of Things: A survey. Comput. Netw. 2010, 54, 2787–2805.
[CrossRef]
24. Website: AXYS Technologies. Available online: http://www.axystechnologies.com (accessed on 8 March 2018).
25. Website: Fondriest Environmental. Available online: http://www.fondriest.com (accessed on 8 March 2018).
26. Website: Aanderaa. Available online: http://www.aanderaa.com (accessed on 8 March 2018).
27. Website: Fugro. Available online: http://www.fugro.com (accessed on 8 March 2018).
28. Website: Aridea. Available online: http://www.the-iot-marketplace.com/libe ... e-buoy-kit (accessed
on 8 March 2018).
29. Hanington, P.; Rose, A.; Johnstone, R. The potential of benthic iron and phosphorus fluxes to support the
growth of a bloom forming toxic cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, Moreton Bay, Australia. Mar. Freshw.
Res. 2016, 67, 1918–1927. [CrossRef]
30. Albaladejo, C.; Soto, F.; Torres, R.; Sánchez, P.; López, J.A. A low-cost sensor buoy system for monitoring
shallow marine environments. Sensors 2012, 12, 9613–9634. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
31. Lockridge, G.; Dzwonkowski, B.; Nelson, R.; Powers, S. Development of a low-cost Arduino-based sonde for
coastal applications. Sensors 2016, 16, 528. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
32. Bergmann, N.W.; Juergens, J.; Hou, L.; Wang, Y.; Trevathan, J. Wireless underwater power and data transfer.
In Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops (LCN Workshops), Sydney,
Australia, 21–24 October 2013; pp. 104–107.
33. Lee, Y.J.; Trevathan, J.; Atkinson, I.; Read, W. The Integration, Analysis and Visualization of Sensor Data
from DispersedWireless Sensor Network Systems Using the SWE Framework. J. Telecommun. Inf. Technol.
2015, 4, 86–97.
34. Trevathan, J.; Hamilton, L.; Read,W. Allocating sensor network resources using an auction-based protocol.
J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2016, 11, 41–63. [CrossRef]
35. Borzaga, C.; Defourny, J. (Eds.) The Emergence of Social Enterprise; Psychology Press: Hove, UK, 2004;
Volume 4.
36. Taylor, J.; Capel, T.; Vyas, D.; Sharp, T. Facilitating digital participation through design projects with
economically-marginalized communities. In Proceedings of the Workshop Digital Participation: Engaging
Diverse and Marginalised Communities, Launceston, Australia, 29 November–2 December 2016.
37. O’Flynn, B.; Regan, F.; Lawlor, A.; Wallace, J.; Torres, J.; O’Mathuna, C. Experiences and recommendations in
deploying a real-time, water quality monitoring system. Meas. Sci. Technol. 2010, 21, 124004. [CrossRef]
38. Chowdhury, F.H. Lake Ellerslie—A Study. MSc Dissertation, Griffith University, Logan, Queensland,
Australia, 1999.

<< Предыдущая страница

Следующая страница >>